Ayurveda recognizes five fundamental elements, known as the Pancha Mahabhutas, which are believed to make up all matter in the universe, including the human body:
Space/Ether (Akasha) The element of emptiness and openness. It governs sound and is associated with the spaces within the body, such as the hollow organs and cavities.
Air/Wind (Vayu) The element of movement. It governs touch and is associated with all motion in the body, breathing, nerve impulses, and circulation.
Fire (Agni) The element of transformation. It governs sight and is associated with digestion, metabolism, body temperature, and the transformation of food into energy.
Water (Jala) The element of cohesion and fluidity. It governs taste and is associated with all fluids in the body, blood, lymph, saliva, and cellular fluid.
Earth (Prithvi/Bhoomi) The element of stability and structure. It governs smell and is associated with all solid, dense structures in the body, bones, muscles, teeth, and tissue.
These five elements combine in pairs to form the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha), which are the primary functional energies in Ayurvedic medicine that determine a person's constitution and health tendencies.
Read the article on Understanding the five elements and how does it relate to human body to understand Doshas